By Wing Commander 
Introduction to the Piper PA-18 Super Cub
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub is a legendary aircraft in the world of aviation, renowned for its versatility, durability, and performance. Originally manufactured by Piper Aircraft between 1949 and 1983, the Super Cub has become a staple in various industries, including agriculture, law enforcement, and search and rescue operations. Its ability to operate from short and rough airstrips makes it an ideal choice for bush flying and other demanding environments. This article delves into the history, design, performance, and enduring legacy of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub.
Historical Background
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub is a direct descendant of the earlier Piper J-3 Cub and PA-11 Cub Special. The J-3 Cub, designed in the late 1930s, was a simple, lightweight aircraft that became immensely popular due to its affordability and ease of use. The PA-11 introduced some improvements over the J-3, including a more powerful engine and the ability to be flown solo from the front seat. However, it was the PA-18 Super Cub that truly revolutionized this line of aircraft with significant enhancements in power and capability.
Introduced in 1949, the PA-18 Super Cub was initially powered by a 90 hp Continental engine but soon evolved to include more powerful engines such as the 150 hp Lycoming O-320. This increase in power allowed for better performance and versatility, making it suitable for a wide range of applications[1][2]. Over its production span, more than 10,000 units were built, with many being used by military forces around the world for liaison and training purposes[5].
Design and Features
The design of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub is characterized by its high-wing monoplane configuration with a fabric-covered steel tube fuselage. This construction provides excellent visibility for pilots and contributes to its ruggedness and reliability. The aircraft’s wing span measures approximately 35 feet 3 inches, with an overall length of about 22 feet 7 inches[1][2]. The high-lift airfoil design allows for exceptional short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities, which are crucial for operations in remote areas.
One of the standout features of the Super Cub is its adaptability. It can be equipped with floats or skis, transforming it into an all-season aircraft capable of operating on water or snow[3]. This versatility has made it a favorite among bush pilots who often face challenging conditions. Additionally, the aircraft’s simple design allows for easy maintenance and modifications, further enhancing its appeal.
The cockpit of the Super Cub is designed for two occupants seated in tandem. Despite its simplicity, it offers sufficient comfort for long flights. The aircraft’s avionics are basic but effective for VFR (Visual Flight Rules) operations. Over the years, many owners have upgraded their Super Cubs with modern avionics to enhance safety and functionality.
Performance Capabilities
The performance of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub is one of its most celebrated attributes. With a maximum cruise speed of approximately 110 knots (204 km/h) and a service ceiling of 19,000 feet, it offers respectable performance for its class[4]. The aircraft’s rate of climb is around 960 feet per minute (4.88 meters per second), allowing it to quickly ascend to cruising altitude even when fully loaded[1].
One of the key performance metrics for bush planes like the Super Cub is their STOL capability. The Super Cub excels in this area with a takeoff distance of just about 152 meters (498 feet) and a landing distance of approximately 221 meters (725 feet)[4]. These capabilities enable pilots to operate from small airstrips or unprepared surfaces that would be inaccessible to many other aircraft.
Fuel efficiency is another important consideration for pilots operating in remote areas. The Super Cub’s fuel tank capacity is around 36 gallons (136 liters), providing a range of approximately 400 nautical miles (741 kilometers)[1]. This range allows pilots to cover significant distances without needing frequent refueling stops.
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub remains an iconic aircraft due to its robust design, versatile performance capabilities, and adaptability to various roles. Its enduring popularity among pilots worldwide is a testament to its effectiveness as both a utility aircraft and a recreational flyer.
Citations:
[1] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=411
[2] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=335
[3] https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/piper-pa-18-super-cub/nasm_A19761155000
[4] https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/piper-pa-18-super-cub/
[5] https://www.supercubproject.com/cubhistory.aspx
Development and Evolution of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub’s development is a fascinating tale of evolution from its predecessors, the Piper J-3 Cub and the PA-11 Cub Special. The original J-3 Cub, introduced in the 1930s, was a lightweight, simple aircraft that became a symbol of affordable aviation. The PA-11 made several improvements, including a more powerful engine and design changes that allowed solo flight from the front seat. However, it was the PA-18 Super Cub that marked a significant leap in performance and utility.
Initial Development
The Super Cub first took to the skies in 1949, with certification granted on November 18 of that year[1]. It was initially powered by a 90 hp Continental C-90 engine, but subsequent versions included more powerful engines like the 150 hp Lycoming O-320[1][2]. The introduction of flaps and dual fuel tanks were significant enhancements that improved its performance and versatility.
Variants and Production
Throughout its production life, the Super Cub saw several variants tailored for different roles. The PA-18-95 featured a 90 hp engine, while the PA-18-150 boasted a 150 hp engine, providing greater power and performance[1]. Other variants included agricultural models equipped for crop dusting and military versions used for liaison and training purposes[2][3].
Production of the Super Cub was prolific, with nearly 10,000 units built between 1949 and 1994[6]. The aircraft was manufactured primarily at Piper’s Lock Haven facility until it closed in 1983. Production briefly resumed at Vero Beach under new ownership in the late 1980s before finally ceasing in 1994[6].
Military and Civilian Use
The Super Cub’s versatility made it popular among both civilian and military operators. In civilian roles, it was widely used for bush flying, banner towing, glider towing, and as a utility aircraft in remote areas[3][5]. Its ability to operate from short and rough airstrips made it particularly valuable for these applications.
In military service, the Super Cub was designated as the L-18C and L-21. It served as a liaison aircraft and trainer for various air forces around the world. The U.S. military alone received over 1,400 units under these designations[6].
Modifications and Aftermarket Enhancements
One of the defining features of the Super Cub is its adaptability to modifications. Over the years, many owners have customized their aircraft to suit specific needs. Common modifications include installing larger engines (up to 180 hp), adding floats or skis for water or snow operations, and enhancing avionics for modern navigation requirements[3][5]. These modifications have kept the Super Cub relevant even decades after its initial production run.
Legacy
Despite production ending in 1994, the Piper PA-18 Super Cub continues to be highly sought after by aviation enthusiasts and professionals alike. Its enduring popularity is reflected in high resale values and ongoing demand for restored or modified versions[6]. The aircraft’s simple yet robust design has ensured its place as a timeless classic in aviation history.
The next section will explore the technical specifications and performance characteristics that have contributed to the Super Cub’s legendary status.
Citations:
[1] https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/piper-pa-18-super-cub/299
[2] https://www.si.edu/object/piper-pa-18-super-cub:nasm_A19761155000
[3] https://knisleyexhaust.com/blog/piper-pa-18-overview-and-specifications/
[4] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=411
[5] https://www.aopa.org/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/aircraft-fact-sheets/piper-super-cub
[6] https://www.supercubproject.com/cubhistory.aspx
Technical Specifications and Performance
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub is celebrated for its robust performance and technical specifications that make it a versatile aircraft for a variety of uses. This section details the key specifications and performance metrics that have contributed to its enduring popularity.
Dimensions and Capacity
The Super Cub features a high-wing monoplane design with a wingspan of approximately 35 feet 3 inches (10.73 meters) and an overall length of 22 feet 7 inches (6.88 meters)[1][2]. The aircraft’s height is about 6 feet 9 inches (2.02 meters)[1]. It is designed to seat two people in tandem configuration, with one pilot and one passenger[1][2].
Weight and Load
The maximum takeoff and landing weight for the Super Cub is 1,750 pounds (794 kilograms)[1][2]. The empty weight of the aircraft is around 930 pounds (422 kilograms), allowing for a useful load capacity of approximately 820 pounds (372 kilograms) in the normal category[3]. The aircraft’s fuel capacity is 36 gallons (136 liters), distributed between two wing tanks[3].
Powerplant
The Super Cub is typically powered by a Lycoming O-320 engine, which is a horizontally opposed, four-cylinder, air-cooled engine rated at 150 horsepower[3][4]. Some variants have been equipped with more powerful engines, such as the 160 hp O-320-B2B or even the 180 hp Lycoming O-360, enhancing their performance capabilities[1].
Performance Metrics
- Max Speed: The Super Cub can reach a maximum speed of approximately 113 knots (210 km/h)[4].
- Cruise Speed: It cruises comfortably at speeds around 100 knots (185 km/h)[4].
- Rate of Climb: The aircraft has an impressive rate of climb at about 960 feet per minute (4.88 meters per second), allowing it to ascend quickly even when fully loaded[3].
- Service Ceiling: The service ceiling for the Super Cub is approximately 19,000 feet (5,791 meters), enabling it to operate effectively in various atmospheric conditions[3].
- Range: With full fuel tanks, the Super Cub has a range of approximately 400 nautical miles (741 kilometers), making it suitable for long-distance flights without frequent refueling stops[2][4].
Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) Capabilities
One of the most remarkable features of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub is its short takeoff and landing capabilities. It requires only about 200 feet (61 meters) for takeoff and can land within approximately 350 feet (107 meters)[2]. These capabilities make it ideal for operations in remote areas with limited runway space.
Versatility in Operations
The Super Cub’s design allows it to be equipped with floats or skis, further enhancing its versatility. This adaptability makes it suitable for operations on water or snow, expanding its utility in various environments[5]. Its rugged construction and reliable performance have made it a favorite among bush pilots who often operate in challenging conditions.
In summary, the technical specifications and performance characteristics of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub underscore its reputation as a versatile and reliable aircraft. Its ability to perform well under diverse conditions has cemented its status as a classic in aviation history.
Citations:
[1] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=411
[2] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=503
[3] https://www.aopa.org/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/aircraft-fact-sheets/piper-super-cub
[4] https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/piper-pa-18-super-cub/299
[5] https://www.si.edu/object/piper-pa-18-super-cub:nasm_A19761155000
[6] https://albertaaviationmuseum.com/collection/aircraft-collection/piper-p18-super-cub/
[7] https://www.supercubproject.com/cubhistory.aspx
The Legacy and Impact of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub has left an indelible mark on the aviation world, not just as a reliable aircraft but as a symbol of versatility and endurance. Its legacy extends beyond its technical specifications and performance metrics, influencing both aviation culture and the development of future aircraft.
Cultural Impact
The Super Cub is more than just an aircraft; it is an icon in the aviation community. Its simple design and ease of use have made it a favorite among pilots, especially those who enjoy bush flying and exploring remote areas. The aircraft’s ability to operate in challenging environments has inspired countless pilots to pursue adventures that might otherwise be inaccessible.
In popular culture, the Super Cub is often depicted as the quintessential bush plane, embodying the spirit of exploration and adventure. Its presence in films, documentaries, and aviation literature has further cemented its status as a beloved aircraft.
Influence on Aircraft Design
The success of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub has influenced the design of many subsequent aircraft. Its emphasis on simplicity, reliability, and adaptability has been emulated by other manufacturers seeking to create versatile utility aircraft. The Super Cub’s STOL capabilities have particularly inspired designers to prioritize short-field performance in new models.
Manufacturers like CubCrafters have built upon the Super Cub’s legacy by producing modern iterations such as the Carbon Cub and Sport Cub. These aircraft incorporate advanced materials and technology while retaining the fundamental principles that made the Super Cub successful. This blend of tradition and innovation continues to attract pilots looking for a dependable and enjoyable flying experience.
Community and Enthusiast Groups
The enduring popularity of the Super Cub is evident in the vibrant community of enthusiasts who maintain and fly these aircraft today. Numerous clubs and organizations are dedicated to preserving the history and legacy of the Super Cub, offering support for owners and fostering a sense of camaraderie among pilots.
Events such as fly-ins and airshows often feature Super Cubs prominently, allowing enthusiasts to showcase their aircraft and share their passion with others. These gatherings provide opportunities for pilots to exchange tips on maintenance, modifications, and flying techniques, ensuring that the knowledge and skills associated with operating these classic planes are passed down through generations.
Economic Impact
The economic impact of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub extends beyond its initial production run. The demand for restored or modified Super Cubs remains strong, supporting a thriving aftermarket industry. Companies specializing in restoration, parts manufacturing, and custom modifications continue to benefit from the aircraft’s popularity.
Additionally, the versatility of the Super Cub has enabled it to serve in various commercial roles, from agricultural applications to aerial photography. This adaptability has allowed operators to leverage its capabilities for diverse business opportunities, contributing to local economies in regions where these services are needed.
Conclusion
The Piper PA-18 Super Cub’s legacy is one of resilience, adaptability, and timeless appeal. Its influence on aviation design, culture, and community is profound, ensuring that it remains a cherished aircraft for both current pilots and future generations. As aviation continues to evolve, the principles embodied by the Super Cub—simplicity, reliability, and versatility—will undoubtedly inspire new innovations while honoring this iconic aircraft’s storied past.