By Wing Commander 
Introduction
The Embraer 170 is a regional jet that has made a significant impact on the aviation industry since its introduction in the early 2000s. As the smallest member of the Embraer E-Jet family, the E170 was designed to meet the growing demand for efficient, comfortable, and versatile aircraft in the regional airline market. With a seating capacity of around 70 passengers, advanced avionics, and a focus on fuel efficiency, the E170 has become a popular choice for airlines around the world.
In this article, we will explore the history, design, performance, and operational aspects of the Embraer 170. We will also examine its role within the broader context of regional aviation and compare it with its competitors. The article is divided into four main sections: Development and Design, Performance and Specifications, Operational History, and Competitors and Market Impact.
Development and Design
Background
The Embraer 170 was born out of Embraer’s desire to expand its product line beyond its successful ERJ family of regional jets. During the 1990s, Embraer recognized that there was a growing demand for larger regional jets that could carry more passengers while maintaining operational efficiency. The company initially considered developing a derivative of its ERJ-145 series but eventually decided to create an entirely new aircraft family from scratch. This decision led to the launch of the E-Jet family in 1999 at the Paris Air Show.
The E170 was the first aircraft in this new family and was designed to accommodate around 70 passengers. Its development involved collaboration with several key partners and suppliers. Notably, General Electric provided the engines (CF34-8E), Honeywell developed the avionics (Primus Epic suite), and Liebherr supplied the landing gear systems. This global collaboration allowed Embraer to leverage advanced technologies from various industries to create a highly efficient and reliable aircraft.
Design Philosophy
The design of the Embraer 170 reflects a focus on passenger comfort, operational efficiency, and adaptability. One of its most distinctive features is its “double bubble” fuselage design, which provides more shoulder room for passengers compared to other regional jets in its class. This design also allows for wider seats and better access to overhead bins, making it more comfortable for passengers on longer regional flights.
The E170 has a low-wing configuration with podded engines mounted under each wing. The wings are equipped with blended winglets that reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency. These winglets contribute to lower fuel consumption and extended range capabilities, which are crucial for airlines operating in competitive regional markets.
Another key aspect of the E170’s design is its digital flight deck. The cockpit is equipped with Honeywell’s Primus Epic avionics suite, which includes five large liquid crystal displays (LCDs) that provide pilots with critical flight information in an easy-to-read format. The aircraft also features fly-by-wire flight controls, which enhance handling characteristics while reducing pilot workload.
Manufacturing Process
Embraer took an innovative approach to manufacturing the E170 by partnering with numerous suppliers from around the world. The company itself was responsible for designing and producing key components such as the fuselage center section, forward fuselage, fairings, and wing assembly. Other companies like Sonaca (Belgium), Kawasaki Heavy Industries (Japan), and Gamesa (Spain) contributed structural sections of the airframe.
To support production, Embraer built a new assembly facility in São José dos Campos, Brazil. This state-of-the-art facility was designed to accommodate up to eight aircraft under construction simultaneously. Additionally, a dedicated painting hangar was constructed to ensure high-quality finishes for each jet before delivery.
The development process also included extensive testing. By June 2002, five of six test aircraft had already completed their maiden flights at Embraer’s facilities in São José dos Campos and Gaviao Peixoto (home to Latin America’s longest runway). These tests were critical in ensuring that all systems met regulatory standards before entering commercial service.
Certification and Entry into Service
After rigorous testing and certification processes involving multiple prototypes, the Embraer 170 received type certification from Brazilian, European (EASA), and U.S. (FAA) aviation authorities in February 2004. Shortly thereafter, in March 2004, Alitalia became one of the first airlines to take delivery of this new regional jet.
The E170’s entry into service marked a significant milestone not only for Embraer but also for regional airlines seeking modern jets capable of delivering both comfort and efficiency on short- to medium-haul routes.
Performance and Specifications
General Performance
The Embraer 170 is powered by two General Electric CF34-8E turbofan engines capable of producing up to 14,200 pounds-force (lbf) each. These high-bypass engines are known for their reliability and fuel efficiency—two critical factors for airlines operating in cost-sensitive markets like regional aviation.
With these engines powering it through skies at speeds up to Mach 0.82 (approximately 480 knots or 889 km/h), this jet can cover distances up to 2,150 nautical miles (3,982 kilometers). This range makes it ideal for connecting cities within regions such as Europe or North America without requiring frequent refueling stops between flights.
In terms of fuel economy specifically:
- The E170 consumes approximately 0.68 nautical miles per gallon (0.333 kilometers per liter), making it one of most fuel-efficient jets within its category.
This combination allows operators not only flexibility when planning routes but also potential cost savings over time due lower consumption rates compared older models still flying today across similar distances/routes globally today!
Takeoff & Landing Performance
One area where many smaller planes struggle compared larger counterparts involves takeoff/landing distances required operate safely airports worldwide – especially those located higher altitudes where thinner air reduces lift generated wings during critical phases flight operations
Citations:
[1] https://contentzone.eurocontrol.int/aircraftperformance/details.aspx?ICAO=E170
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer_E-Jet_family
[3] https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/embraer-erj-170175190195/406
[4] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=1363
[5] https://www.embraercommercialaviation.com/commercial-jets/e170/
[6] https://www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/embraer_170/
[7] https://aviatorinsider.com/airplane-brands/embraer-170/
[8] https://simpleflying.com/embraer-e-jet-family-first-flight-anniversary/
Takeoff and Landing Performance
The Embraer 170 was designed with regional airports in mind, many of which have shorter runways compared to major international hubs. This makes the aircraft’s takeoff and landing performance a critical aspect of its overall design. The E170 requires a takeoff distance of 1,644 meters (5,393 feet) and a landing distance of 1,241 meters (4,071 feet). These figures allow the aircraft to operate from smaller airports with shorter runways, expanding its operational flexibility.
The aircraft’s approach speed (Vref) is 130 knots, which is relatively low for jets in its class. This lower speed helps reduce wear on the landing gear and tires while also contributing to safer and smoother landings. In addition, the E170’s high-efficiency engines and aerodynamic design enable it to perform well at airports with operational restrictions, such as noise abatement procedures or steep approaches.
Fuel Efficiency
Fuel efficiency is one of the key selling points of the Embraer 170. With rising fuel costs and increasing environmental concerns, airlines are constantly seeking ways to reduce fuel consumption without compromising performance. The E170 delivers on this front with a fuel economy of approximately 0.68 nautical miles per gallon (0.333 kilometers per liter). This level of efficiency helps airlines reduce operating costs while also minimizing their environmental footprint.
The aircraft’s fuel tank capacity is 3,071 gallons (11,625 liters), which allows it to cover distances up to 2,150 nautical miles (3,982 kilometers) without requiring refueling. This range is sufficient for connecting regional destinations such as Paris to Moscow or Dallas to Halifax. For operators looking for even longer range capabilities, the E170 offers an extended-range variant that includes additional fuel tanks located in the baggage compartment.
Climb and Cruise Performance
The Embraer 170 is capable of reaching a maximum cruising altitude of 41,000 feet. This high service ceiling allows the aircraft to fly above most weather disturbances and air traffic congestion, resulting in smoother flights and more efficient routing. The E170 also has an impressive rate of climb at 3,400 feet per minute (17.27 meters per second), enabling it to reach cruising altitude quickly after takeoff.
Once at cruising altitude, the E170 can maintain a maximum cruise speed of 480 knots (889 kilometers per hour). This speed ensures that passengers reach their destinations quickly while still benefiting from the aircraft’s fuel-efficient design.
Weight Specifications
Weight management is another important factor in the performance of any commercial aircraft. The Embraer 170 has a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 38,600 kilograms (85,098 pounds) and a maximum landing weight of 33,300 kilograms (73,413 pounds). These weight limits allow the aircraft to carry a significant payload while still maintaining excellent performance characteristics.
The maximum payload capacity of the E170 is 9,743 kilograms (21,479 pounds), which includes passengers, baggage, and cargo. The aircraft also offers a generous baggage volume of 14.39 cubic meters (508 cubic feet), ensuring that passengers’ luggage can be accommodated without difficulty.
Cabin Dimensions and Passenger Comfort
One of the standout features of the Embraer 170 is its spacious cabin design. The “double bubble” fuselage provides extra room for passengers at both shoulder level and foot level compared to other regional jets in its class. The cabin height measures 2 meters (6.56 feet), while the cabin width is 2.74 meters (8.99 feet). These dimensions create a more comfortable environment for passengers during flights.
The cabin length is 19.43 meters (63.75 feet), allowing for a seating configuration that accommodates up to 78 passengers in an all-economy layout. While the E170 does not offer business or first-class seating options by default, airlines have the flexibility to adjust seat configurations based on their specific needs.
Passengers on board the E170 benefit from a seat pitch of approximately 81 centimeters (32 inches), which provides ample legroom for short- to medium-haul flights. Additionally, overhead bins are easily accessible thanks to the aircraft’s wide fuselage design.
Avionics and Flight Controls
The Embraer 170 features an advanced avionics suite developed by Honeywell—specifically the Primus Epic Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS). This system includes five large liquid crystal displays that provide pilots with critical flight information in an easy-to-read format. The displays are customizable based on pilot preferences and operational requirements.
One of the key advantages of this avionics suite is its integration with fly-by-wire flight control technology. Fly-by-wire systems replace traditional mechanical flight controls with electronic interfaces that send signals from pilot inputs directly to actuators controlling various flight surfaces (e.g., ailerons, elevators). This technology enhances handling precision while reducing pilot workload during complex maneuvers or adverse weather conditions.
It’s worth noting that while most flight controls on the E170 are fly-by-wire systems, some components—such as the ailerons—are still mechanically operated as part of Embraer’s standard safety protocols.
Engines: General Electric CF34-8E
The heart of any jet lies in its engines—and for the Embraer 170, these are two General Electric CF34-8E turbofan engines mounted under each wing. Each engine produces up to 14,200 pounds-force (lbf) thrust during takeoff operations.
These engines are equipped with Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC), which optimizes engine performance throughout all phases of flight—from startup through cruise—and reduces maintenance requirements over time due increased automation processes involved managing engine health diagnostics onboard systems themselves!
The CF34-8E engines are known not only for their power but also for their quiet operation—a crucial factor when flying into noise-sensitive airports around world today where strict regulations limit decibel levels produced jets operating certain times day/night cycles globally enforced
Operational History
Introduction to Service
The Embraer 170 made its commercial debut in March 2004, shortly after receiving certification from aviation authorities in Brazil, Europe, and the United States. Alitalia was the first airline to take delivery of the aircraft, followed by other early adopters such as LOT Polish Airlines and US Airways[2]. The E170 quickly gained popularity among regional airlines due to its versatility, efficiency, and passenger comfort.
The E170 was part of a broader strategy by Embraer to penetrate the regional jet market with a family of aircraft that could serve various capacities. The E-Jet family, which includes the E170, E175, E190, and E195 models, was designed to fill the gap between smaller regional jets like the Bombardier CRJ series and larger narrow-body aircraft such as the Boeing 737 or Airbus A320. The E170’s ability to carry up to 78 passengers made it an attractive option for airlines looking to optimize routes with lower demand while still offering a high level of service[2][4].
Global Adoption
The Embraer 170 found success in markets around the world. By 2009, the E-Jet family had accumulated 885 firm orders from airlines in over 35 countries[4]. Some of the major operators of the E170 included:
- British Airways CityFlyer: Operated the E170 on short-haul European routes, benefiting from its fuel efficiency and ability to operate from smaller airports.
- Republic Airways Holdings: One of the largest operators of Embraer jets in the United States, Republic Airways used the E170 for flights under various regional brands.
- TAME of Ecuador: Utilized the E170 for domestic routes within Ecuador and short international flights.
- Air Caraibes: Operated the E170 on routes connecting various Caribbean islands.
In addition to these airlines, many other carriers across Europe, North America, and South America adopted the Embraer 170 for regional operations. Its ability to operate efficiently on short- to medium-haul routes made it a popular choice for airlines looking to replace older regional jets or turboprops with more modern and comfortable aircraft.
End of Production
By 2017, production of the Embraer 170 had largely come to an end[4]. While it remained a reliable and efficient aircraft, it lacked some of the performance upgrades that were introduced in its larger sibling, the Embraer 175. The E175 offered slightly better fuel efficiency and could accommodate more passengers (up to 78), making it a more versatile option for airlines. As a result, many operators transitioned to the E175 or other models in the E-Jet family.
Despite this, many Embraer 170s remain in service today. Airlines continue to use them on regional routes where their size and performance are well-suited to meet demand. Additionally, some operators have repurposed their E170s for charter services or corporate shuttles[5].
Charter Operations
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in using Embraer 170s for charter operations. For example, CommuteAir—a regional airline operating flights on behalf of United Airlines—received FAA certification in August 2024 to operate its Embraer 170 as a charter aircraft[5]. The airline’s fleet includes primarily ERJ-145 jets, but it added an E170 to offer a larger aircraft option for clients needing more capacity.
The E170’s seating configuration and range make it an ideal choice for various charter services such as sports team travel, VIP transport, corporate shuttles, and entertainment group charters. With its ability to carry up to 76 passengers in a single-class configuration[5], the E170 fills a niche between smaller regional jets and larger narrow-body aircraft.
CommuteAir’s decision to certify its E170 for charter operations reflects a broader trend among airlines seeking new revenue streams by repurposing older aircraft for specialized services. This shift highlights the continued relevance of the Embraer 170 even after its production has ceased.
Competitors and Market Impact
Competition with Bombardier CRJ Series
One of the main competitors of the Embraer 170 throughout its operational life has been Bombardier’s CRJ series—specifically the CRJ700 and CRJ900 models. Both Bombardier and Embraer were vying for dominance in the regional jet market during the late 1990s and early 2000s. The CRJ700 was introduced slightly earlier than the E170 (in 1997), giving Bombardier an initial advantage[6].
However, Embraer’s decision to design an entirely new family of jets from scratch—rather than modifying existing designs—ultimately paid off. The “double bubble” fuselage design of the E170 offered more passenger comfort than Bombardier’s narrower fuselage design. Additionally, Embraer’s use of advanced avionics (Honeywell Primus Epic) and fly-by-wire technology gave it a technological edge over its Canadian rival[7].
Despite these advantages, Bombardier remained a formidable competitor with its CRJ series. The CRJ700 offered similar seating capacity (up to 78 passengers) but had slightly better range performance in some configurations. However, many airlines preferred Embraer’s more spacious cabin layout and superior passenger experience[7].
Competition with Airbus A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries)
A more recent competitor for Embraer’s regional jets is Airbus’ A220 (formerly known as Bombardier’s CSeries). The A220 is a larger aircraft than both the CRJ series and Embraer’s E-Jets but is still positioned within the same market segment due to its capacity range (100-150 seats) and operational flexibility.
The A220 has been praised for its fuel efficiency—thanks in part to its Pratt & Whitney geared turbofan engines—and its ability to operate efficiently on both short-haul and longer routes[7]. While it competes more directly with larger members of Embraer’s E-Jet family (such as the E190 or E195), it also poses a threat to smaller models like the E170 due to its superior economics on certain routes.
Embraer’s response has been twofold: First, they introduced upgraded versions of their existing jets under the “E2” branding (e.g., E190-E2), which feature improved engines (Pratt & Whitney PW1000G), better aerodynamics (new wings), and enhanced avionics systems. Second, they have focused on maintaining strong relationships with regional carriers—particularly those in North America—where scope clause agreements limit how many larger jets can be operated by feeder airlines working under major carriers’ brands[7].
Future Prospects
While production of new Embraer 170s has ceased since 2017[4], there remains strong demand for used models within both commercial aviation sectors (regional airlines) as well charter markets globally today
Citations:
[1] https://www.globalair.com/aircraft-for-sale/specifications?specid=1363
[2] https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/embraer-erj-170175190195/406
[3] https://aeropedia.com.au/content/embraer-170/
[4] https://aviatorinsider.com/airplane-brands/embraer-170/
[5] https://simpleflying.com/commuteair-certification-embraer-e170-charter/
[6] https://simpleflying.com/embraer-e-jet-family-first-flight-anniversary/
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer_E-Jet_family
Competition with the Mitsubishi SpaceJet
Another notable competitor to the Embraer 170 was the Mitsubishi SpaceJet, formerly known as the Mitsubishi Regional Jet (MRJ). The SpaceJet was designed to compete directly with Embraer’s E-Jet family, particularly in the 70-90 seat regional jet market. Mitsubishi aimed to capitalize on the growing demand for fuel-efficient regional jets, touting advanced aerodynamics and Pratt & Whitney’s PW1200G geared turbofan engines, which promised lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions.
However, despite its potential, the SpaceJet faced significant delays and development challenges. Originally scheduled for delivery in 2013, the program encountered multiple setbacks, pushing its entry into service further into the future. By 2020, Mitsubishi announced a suspension of the program due to financial difficulties exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This left Embraer as a dominant player in the regional jet market, particularly in the 70-90 seat segment that the E170 caters to.
Impact of Scope Clauses in North America
One of the key factors that influenced the success of the Embraer 170 in North America was its compliance with scope clauses. Scope clauses are contractual agreements between airlines and pilot unions that limit the size and number of aircraft that regional carriers can operate on behalf of major airlines. These clauses typically restrict regional jets to a maximum weight and seating capacity to protect mainline pilots from losing flying opportunities to lower-paid regional pilots.
The Embraer 170 was designed with these scope clauses in mind, allowing it to fit within the weight and capacity limits set by many U.S. airlines. With a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 38,600 kg (85,098 lbs) and seating for up to 78 passengers, the E170 became a popular choice for U.S. regional airlines operating under brands like United Express, American Eagle, and Delta Connection.
In contrast, larger jets such as the Airbus A220 or even larger members of Embraer’s own E-Jet family (like the E190 and E195) often exceed these weight limits, making them unsuitable for many regional operations in North America. This gave the E170 a competitive advantage in this market segment.
Market Impact and Legacy
The Embraer 170 played a pivotal role in transforming regional aviation by offering a modern, efficient alternative to older regional jets like the Bombardier CRJ series and turboprops like the Saab 340. Its spacious cabin design, advanced avionics, and fuel-efficient engines set new standards for passenger comfort and operational efficiency in the regional jet market.
By introducing fly-by-wire technology and digital cockpits into this segment, Embraer also helped raise the bar for technological innovation in regional aviation. The success of the E170 paved the way for other models in the E-Jet family (such as the E175, E190, and E195), which have collectively become some of the best-selling regional jets in history.
As of today, many Embraer 170s remain in active service with airlines around the world. While production has ceased, its legacy continues through its larger siblings in the E-Jet family as well as through used aircraft sales and charter operations.
Environmental Considerations
In recent years, environmental concerns have become increasingly important in aviation. Airlines are under pressure to reduce their carbon footprints by adopting more fuel-efficient aircraft or exploring alternative energy sources like sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) or electric propulsion systems.
While newer aircraft like Airbus’ A220 or Embraer’s own E2 series offer improved fuel efficiency compared to earlier models like the E170, many operators continue using older jets due to their reliability and lower acquisition costs on secondary markets. However, airlines operating older fleets must balance these cost savings against potential environmental regulations that could impose penalties or restrictions on less efficient aircraft.
The introduction of more efficient engines such as Pratt & Whitney’s geared turbofans has helped reduce emissions from newer aircraft models—but retrofitting older planes like those within Embraer’s original E-Jet family remains costly endeavor unlikely pursued widespread basis across industry today!
The Embraer 170 is a remarkable example of how innovation can reshape an entire segment of aviation. As part of Embraer’s broader E-Jet family, it introduced new levels of comfort, efficiency, and technology into regional air travel—helping airlines improve their bottom lines while enhancing passenger experiences along way!
From its inception during late ’90s through end production run nearly two decades later (2017), this jet proved itself capable meeting demands operators worldwide looking optimize route networks without sacrificing performance reliability key metrics crucial success modern airline operations globally today
Conclusion: The Legacy of the Embraer 170
The Embraer 170 has left a lasting legacy in the world of regional aviation. From its inception in the late 1990s to its final production run in 2017, the E170 played a pivotal role in transforming regional air travel. Its combination of advanced technology, passenger comfort, and operational efficiency made it a favorite among airlines and passengers alike.
Key Contributions to Regional Aviation
One of the most significant contributions of the Embraer 170 was its ability to bridge the gap between smaller regional jets and larger narrow-body aircraft. With a seating capacity of around 70-78 passengers, it provided airlines with the flexibility to serve routes that were too small for larger jets but too large for turboprops or smaller regional jets. This versatility allowed airlines to optimize their route networks and improve profitability on regional routes.
The E170 also set new standards for passenger comfort in the regional jet market. Its “double bubble” fuselage design offered more shoulder room and wider seats than many of its competitors, making it a more comfortable option for passengers on short- to medium-haul flights. Additionally, its spacious overhead bins and generous baggage volume ensured that passengers could travel with ease, even on longer regional journeys.
Technological Innovation
The Embraer 170 was also at the forefront of technological innovation in regional aviation. Its digital flight deck, equipped with Honeywell’s Primus Epic avionics suite, provided pilots with advanced tools for managing flight operations. The use of fly-by-wire technology further enhanced the aircraft’s handling characteristics while reducing pilot workload.
These innovations not only improved safety and efficiency but also helped reduce maintenance costs for airlines. The E170’s engines, supplied by General Electric, were designed to be both fuel-efficient and reliable, contributing to lower operating costs over the aircraft’s lifespan.
Challenges and Competitors
While the Embraer 170 enjoyed significant success during its production run, it faced stiff competition from other regional jets like Bombardier’s CRJ series and later from larger aircraft like Airbus’ A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries). Despite these challenges, the E170 carved out a niche for itself by offering a superior passenger experience and meeting the specific needs of regional airlines, particularly in markets like North America where scope clauses limited the size of aircraft that could be operated by regional carriers.
However, as newer models like the Embraer E175 and E190 entered the market with improved performance and efficiency, demand for the E170 began to decline. By 2017, production had largely ceased as airlines transitioned to more modern aircraft with better fuel economy and greater seating capacity.
Continued Relevance
Despite being out of production, the Embraer 170 remains relevant in today’s aviation landscape. Many airlines continue to operate E170s on regional routes where their size and performance are well-suited to meet demand. Additionally, some operators have repurposed their E170s for charter services or corporate shuttles, taking advantage of the aircraft’s flexibility and reliability.
The E170’s legacy also lives on through its larger siblings in the E-Jet family—particularly the E175, which has become one of the most popular regional jets in service today. Furthermore, Embraer’s introduction of the E2 series represents a continuation of the technological advancements that began with the original E-Jet family.
Future Prospects
Looking ahead, while newer models like Embraer’s E2 series or Airbus’ A220 may dominate future orders in regional aviation, there is still a place for used Embraer 170s in secondary markets. Airlines looking for cost-effective solutions may continue to rely on older jets like the E170 to meet their operational needs without incurring the higher acquisition costs associated with new aircraft.
Additionally, as environmental regulations become more stringent, operators may explore retrofitting older jets with more efficient engines or adopting sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to reduce emissions. While these initiatives are still in their early stages, they could help extend the operational life of older aircraft like the Embraer 170.